REXROTH比例阀是用于控制流量大小是通过比例电磁铁(带中心螺纹和可拆卸线圈)进行控制里面的电磁铁线圈可转动,双向流量控制 带隐藏的辅助操作装置,可选择,若要使其工作点与汽车载荷的大小相适应,就必须能改变弹簧力的大小,这就是感载比例阀。阀体安装在车架上,其中的活塞4右部的空腔内有阀门2。不制动时,活塞在感载拉力弹簧6通过杠杆5施加的推力F作用下处于右端极限位置,阀门2因其杆部顶触螺塞1而开启。
REXROTH比例阀一般采用两端承压面积不等的差径活塞结构。比例阀不工作时,差径活塞2在弹簧3的作用下处于上极限位置,此时阀门1保持开启,因而在输入控制压力P1与输出压力P2从零同步增长的初始阶段,总是P1等于P2。但是压力P1的作用面积A1为π(D2-d2)/4,压力P2的作用面积A2为πD2/4,因而A2大于A1,故活塞上方液压作用力大于活塞下方液压作用力。在P1、P2同步增长过程中,当活塞上、下两端液压作用之差超过弹簧3的预紧力时,活塞便开始下移。当P1和P2增长到一定值PS时活塞2内腔中的阀座与阀门1接触,进油腔与出油腔即为隔绝,使比例阀进入平衡状态。若进一步提高P1则活塞将回升,阀门再度开启,油液继续流入出油腔而使P2不断升高,但由于A2大于A1,P2尚未增长到新的P1值,活塞又下降到平衡位置。在任一平衡状态下,差径活塞的力的平衡方程为:P2路A2=P1路A1+F。从而保证P2的增量小于P1的增量,若弹簧3的弹力F不变,则PS点不变,即比例阀节制后轮管路压力的工作点与汽车的载荷无关,这就是非感比例阀。
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